Among the various techniques, the use of semiconducting photocatalysts for light-stimulated degradation of dye pollutants has been extensively investigated. Thus, considerable efforts have been garnered towards finding efficient, reliable, and eco-friendly water-treatment and decontamination techniques in order to mitigate this issue. For instance, textile dyes of the methylene family, such as methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and methyl violet (MV), have detrimental toxicological and ecological effects on human life and the environment. Textile dyes and organic compounds are major water pollutants, which create an environmental hazard to aquatic systems and humanity. Keywords: bandgap energy core–shell dye degradation nickel phyllosilicate photocatalysts Further, a coating of TiO 2 on the mSiO surface greatly affected the surface features and optoelectronic properties of the core–shell nanostructure and yielded superior photocatalytic properties. The porous flake-like morphology of the nickel phyllosilicate acted as a suitable support for the TiO 2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, a recyclability test revealed good stability and recyclability of the mSiO 2 photocatalyst with a degradation efficacy of 93% after three cycles. As a proof of concept, the core–shell nanostructures were used as photocatalysts for the degradation of methyl violet dye and the degradation efficiencies were found to be 72% and 99% for the mSiO and the mSiO 2 nanostructures, respectively. The bandgap energy of mSiO and of mSiO 2 were estimated to be 2.05 and 2.68 eV, respectively, indicating the role of titania in tuning the optoelectronic properties of the SiO phyllosilicate. The addition of TiO 2 to the mSiO yielded the mSiO 2 composite. XPS analysis revealed the successful formation of 1:1 nickel phyllosilicate on the SiO 2 surface. The TEM results showed that the mSiO composite has a core–shell nanostructure with a unique flake-like shell morphology. This study reports, for the first time, on the synthesis of mesoporous phyllosilicate/titania (mSiO 2) core–shell nanostructures. The influence of drying temperature, the concentration of the SiO 2 or TiO 2 particles and the ratio of PS sphere to the particles on the structures and specific surface area of the hollow spheres were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements.Core–shell based nanostructures are attractive candidates for photocatalysis owing to their tunable physicochemical properties, their interfacial contact effects, and their efficacy in charge-carrier separation. After removing the PS core by calcination at 550☌, SiO 2 or TiO 2 hollow spheres were then derived. The PS spheres were dispersed into the SiO 2 or TiO 2 colloids, forming a suspension and then the suspensions were sprayed to form micrometer-sized droplets, as the droplets rush through the drying chamber, the PS spheres were encapsulated into the core of SiO 2 or TiO 2 particles due to the high temperatures and the instant evaporation, obtaining 2, 2 or 2/TiO 2 core-shell composites. Polystyrene (PS) spheres encapsulated core-shell composites of SiO 2 or TiO 2 nanoparticles were prepared by the spray drying technique and hollow spheres of SiO 2 or TiO 2 nanoparticles were then derived by removing the PS cores with calcinations.
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